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1 differential psychology
வேற்றுமை உளவியல் -
2 differential psychology
дифференциальная психология; психологическая парадигма, уделяющая особое внимание изучению индивидуальных различий в поведении.* * *дифференциальная психология; психологическая парадигма, уделяющая особое внимание изучению индивидуальных различий в поведении.дифференциальная психология; отраслевая психология, занимающаяся изучением психологических различий как между отдельными индивидами, так и группами людей.Англо-русский словарь по социологии > differential psychology
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3 differential psychology
Универсальный англо-русский словарь > differential psychology
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4 differential psychology
dif.fer.en.tial psy.chol.o.gy[difərenʃəl saik'ɔlədʒi] n Psych psicologia diferencial: estudo de diferenças características de grupos ou indivíduos. -
5 differential psychology
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6 differential psychology
дифференциальная психология, психология индивидуальных различийАнгло-русский словарь по психоаналитике > differential psychology
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7 differential psychology
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8 differential psychology
English-Ukrainian psychology dictionary > differential psychology
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9 psychology
n1. психология; наука о закономерностях развития и функционировании психики, психических процессах, регулирующих поведение людей и животных;2. психика; особенности характера, душевный склад;3. психологический трактат.* * *сущ.1) психология; наука о закономерностях развития и функционировании психики, психических процессах, регулирующих поведение людей и животных;2) психика; особенности характера, душевный склад;3) психологический трактат. -
10 psychology
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11 differential forgetting
வேற்றுமை மறதி -
12 differential response
வேற்றுமைத் துலங்கல் -
13 differential sensibility
மாறுபட்ட உணர்ச்சிகள் -
14 differential tone
அதிகப்படியான ஒலியலை -
15 psychology, differential
дифференциальная психология; отраслевая психология, занимающаяся изучением психологических различий как между отдельными индивидами, так и группами людей.Англо-русский словарь по социологии > psychology, differential
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16 Intelligence
There is no mystery about it: the child who is familiar with books, ideas, conversation-the ways and means of the intellectual life-before he begins school, indeed, before he begins consciously to think, has a marked advantage. He is at home in the House of intellect just as the stableboy is at home among horses, or the child of actors on the stage. (Barzun, 1959, p. 142)It is... no exaggeration to say that sensory-motor intelligence is limited to desiring success or practical adaptation, whereas the function of verbal or conceptual thought is to know and state truth. (Piaget, 1954, p. 359)ntelligence has two parts, which we shall call the epistemological and the heuristic. The epistemological part is the representation of the world in such a form that the solution of problems follows from the facts expressed in the representation. The heuristic part is the mechanism that on the basis of the information solves the problem and decides what to do. (McCarthy & Hayes, 1969, p. 466)Many scientists implicitly assume that, among all animals, the behavior and intelligence of nonhuman primates are most like our own. Nonhuman primates have relatively larger brains and proportionally more neocortex than other species... and it now seems likely that humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas shared a common ancestor as recently as 5 to 7 million years ago.... This assumption about the unique status of primate intelligence is, however, just that: an assumption. The relations between intelligence and measures of brain size is poorly understood, and evolutionary affinity does not always ensure behavioral similarity. Moreover, the view that nonhuman primates are the animals most like ourselves coexists uneasily in our minds with the equally pervasive view that primates differ fundamentally from us because they lack language; lacking language, they also lack many of the capacities necessary for reasoning and abstract thought. (Cheney & Seyfarth, 1990, p. 4)Few constructs are asked to serve as many functions in psychology as is the construct of human intelligence.... Consider four of the main functions addressed in theory and research on intelligence, and how they differ from one another.1. Biological. This type of account looks at biological processes. To qualify as a useful biological construct, intelligence should be a biochemical or biophysical process or at least somehow a resultant of biochemical or biophysical processes.2. Cognitive approaches. This type of account looks at molar cognitive representations and processes. To qualify as a useful mental construct, intelligence should be specifiable as a set of mental representations and processes that are identifiable through experimental, mathematical, or computational means.3. Contextual approaches. To qualify as a useful contextual construct, intelligence should be a source of individual differences in accomplishments in "real-world" performances. It is not enough just to account for performance in the laboratory. On [sic] the contextual view, what a person does in the lab may not even remotely resemble what the person would do outside it. Moreover, different cultures may have different conceptions of intelligence, which affect what would count as intelligent in one cultural context versus another.4. Systems approaches. Systems approaches attempt to understand intelligence through the interaction of cognition with context. They attempt to establish a link between the two levels of analysis, and to analyze what forms this link takes. (Sternberg, 1994, pp. 263-264)High but not the highest intelligence, combined with the greatest degrees of persistence, will achieve greater eminence than the highest degree of intelligence with somewhat less persistence. (Cox, 1926, p. 187)There are no definitive criteria of intelligence, just as there are none for chairness; it is a fuzzy-edged concept to which many features are relevant. Two people may both be quite intelligent and yet have very few traits in common-they resemble the prototype along different dimensions.... [Intelligence] is a resemblance between two individuals, one real and the other prototypical. (Neisser, 1979, p. 185)Given the complementary strengths and weaknesses of the differential and information-processing approaches, it should be possible, at least in theory, to synthesise an approach that would capitalise upon the strength of each approach, and thereby share the weakness of neither. (Sternberg, 1977, p. 65)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Intelligence
См. также в других словарях:
differential psychology — the branch of psychology dealing with the study of characteristic differences or variations of groups or individuals, esp. through the use of analytic techniques and statistical methods. * * * branch of psychology that deals with individual … Universalium
differential psychology — noun the branch of psychology that studies measurable differences between individuals • Hypernyms: ↑psychology, ↑psychological science * * * noun : the study of differences between human beings either as individuals or in groups especially… … Useful english dictionary
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Individual differences psychology — The science of psychology studies people at three levels of focus captured by the well known quotation: “Every man is in certain respects (a) like all other men, (b) like some other men, (c) like no other man (Murray, H.A. C. Kluckhohn, 1953).… … Wikipedia
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